BATAS ETIS KEUNTUNGAN DALAM BISNIS SYARIAH: ANALISIS HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK EXCESSIVE PROFIT

Abstract

Profit determination in modern business practices often raises ethical concerns, particularly when profits are obtained excessively and potentially harm society. Islamic Economic Law provides a normative framework that evaluates profit not only from the formal legality of contracts but also from principles of justice, morality, and social impact. This study aims to analyze the concept of profit in Islamic business and to assess excessive profit practices from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law using the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah approach. The research employs a normative legal method with conceptual and philosophical approaches. Data were collected through a literature review of classical fiqh al-muʿāmalāt sources, contemporary Islamic economic thought, modern economic regulations, and relevant scholarly journal articles. The findings indicate that Islam does not stipulate a fixed numerical limit on profit; instead, it establishes qualitative ethical boundaries through justice (al-ʿadl), substantive mutual consent (tarāḍin), and benevolence (iḥsān). Profit is legitimate when derived from reasonable business mechanisms involving proportional risk and without causing harm to other parties. Conversely, excessive profit resulting from market distortions and unequal economic power contradicts the objectives of Islamic law and social welfare.